COVID-19. THE MOST RELEVANT PROBLEM OF OUR TIME

Abstract

Introduction. To date, detailed information on the infection of servicemen is not available in available sources. At the same time, there is information about the possible infection of a large number of soldiers, especially those who are in a confined space. The relevance of this infection for the military is that when called up for military service, when returning from business trips and vacations, these categories of persons (especially those who are in the incubation period or are asymptomatic) can bring nCoV 2019 to the unit and cause an outbreak.

The purpose of the work is to study and summarize the experience of specialists from different countries on topical issues of COVID-19.

Materials and methods. Using historical, bibliosemantic and comparative analysis and a systematic approach, the literature data on the etiological, epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic aspects of new coronavirus infection, structure and frequency of complications are summarized.

Results. The article reviews the literature on the relevance of the disease, epidemiologic issues, clinical symptoms, possible complications of COVID-19 and their incidence: pneumonia (15,7-100%), ARDS (3-90%), heart damage (myocarditis, etc.), arrhythmia, toxic hepatitis (4-53%), reactive pancreatitis, deep vein thrombosis, thromboembolism (up to 31%), coagulopathy (up to 38%), anemia (up to 15%), acute kidney damage with the development of acute renal failure (3-8%), sepsis, septic shock (4-8%), multiple organ failure, otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, neurological complications (36.4-45.5%), acute cerebrovascular disease, stroke, cognitive impairment, ataxia, convulsions, neuralgia, skeletal muscle trauma, encephalopathy, peripheral polyneuropathy, secondary bacterial infection (6-10%), bacteremia, fungal superinfection, miscarriage (2%), intrauterine growth restriction (10%) , premature birth (39%).

Conclusions. Patients with COVID-19 can develop a variety of complications, including pneumonia, GRDS, coagulopathy, thromboembolism, liver damage. Therefore, in patients with rapid clinical deterioration, pulmonary thromboembolism should be ruled out, in addition to the development of GRDS, in the diagnosis of which CT-pulmonary angiography and additional laboratory tests to study the blood coagulation / anticoagulation system play an important role. During the epidemic period of COVID-19, when examining patients with neurological and other manifestations, physicians should consider SARS-CoV-2 infection as a differential diagnosis to avoid delayed or misdiagnosis, prevent transmission, and prevent fatalities, especially in severe cases. . The new coronavirus infection has highlighted the problems that can arise suddenly and simultaneously in many countries around the world when new infections appear, especially in cases of neglect of basic prevention measures. COVID-19 has demonstrated the enormous damage that an outbreak of infection can do to the economies of different countries in a short period of time. In view of new infections, it is necessary to radically reconsider the attitude to preventive medicine, biosafety of the country, infectious diseases and the organization of medical care for infectious diseases.